解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The assumption of a molecular clock for dating events from sequence information is often frustrated by the presence of heterogeneity among evolutionary rates due, among other factors, to positively selected sites. In this work, our goal is to explore methods to estimate infection dates from sequence analysis. One such...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msk012
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of a fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD) in the lineage leading to teleost fishes is widely accepted, but the consequences of this event remain elusive. Teleosts, and the cichlid fishes from the species flocks in the East African Great Lakes in particular, evolved a unique complexity and diversity o...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msk003
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The MIKC MADS-box gene family has been shaped by extensive gene duplications giving rise to subfamilies of genes with distinct functions and expression patterns. However, within these subfamilies the functional assignment is not that clear-cut, and considerable functional redundancy exists. One way to investigate the ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msk016
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of evolution of paralogous genes in a genome is central to our understanding of genome evolution. Comparison of closely related bacterial genomes, which has provided clues as to how genome sequences evolve under natural conditions, would help in such an analysis. With species Staphylococcus aureus, whole-geno...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msk013
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we address a much-debated topic: is there or is there not an organismal tree of gamma-proteobacteria that can be unambiguously inferred from a core of shared genes? We apply several recently developed analytical methods to this problem, for the first time. Our heat map analyses of P values and of bootstrap bipar...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj113
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large majority of bacterial genomes show strand asymmetry, such that G and T preferentially accumulate on the leading strand. The mechanisms are unknown, but cytosine deaminations are thought to play an important role. Here, we have examined DNA strand asymmetry in three strains of the aphid endosymbiont Buchnera ap...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj107
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene conversion is considered to play important roles in the formation of genomic makeup such as homogenization of multigene families and diversification of alleles. We devised two statistical tests on quartets for detecting gene conversion events. Each "quartet" consists of two pairs of orthologous sequences supposed...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj093
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Baleen whales (suborder Mysticeti) comprise 11 extant species that are classified into four families. Although several phylogenetic hypotheses about these taxa have been proposed, their phylogenetic relationships remain confused. We addressed this problem using short interspersed repetitive element (SINE) insertion da...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj071
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene unscrambling in spirotrichous ciliates involves massive genome-wide DNA deletion and rearrangement events during development. During each sexual cycle, the somatic nucleus (macronucleus) regenerates from the germ line nucleus (micronucleus). Development of the polyploid somatic genome requires programmed DNA dele...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj089
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many species, including humans, have dramatically expanded their range in the past, and such range expansions had certainly an impact on their genetic diversity. For example, mutations arising in populations at the edge of a range expansion can sometimes surf on the wave of advance and thus reach a larger spatial dist...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj057
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In primates, the craniofacial skeleton and the dentition are marked by high levels of interspecific variation. Despite this, there are few comparative species studies conducted at the molecular level to investigate this functional diversity. We have determined nucleotide sequences of MSX1 and PAX9, two developmental g...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj072
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colias eurytheme butterflies display extensive allozyme polymorphism in the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). Earlier studies on biochemical and fitness effects of these genotypes found evidence of strong natural selection maintaining this polymorphism in the wild. Here we analyze the molecular features of this p...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj062
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male sexual behavior in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is regulated by fruitless (fru), a sex-determination gene specifying the synthesis of BTB-Zn finger proteins that likely function as male-specific transcriptional regulators. Expression of fru in the nervous system specifies male sexual behavior and the mus...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj070
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hybrid males resulting from crosses between closely related species of Drosophila are sterile. The F1 hybrid sterility phenotype is mainly due to defects occurring during late stages of development that relate to sperm individualization, and so genes controlling sperm development may have been subjected to selective d...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj074
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the adaptation of an organism to a parasitic lifestyle, various gene functions may be rendered superfluous due to the fact that the host may supply these needs. As a consequence, obligate symbiotic bacterial pathogens tend to undergo reductive genomic evolution through gene death (nonfunctionalization or pseudo...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj036
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence is growing that homologous recombination is a powerful source of genetic variability among closely related free-living bacteria. Here we investigate the extent of recombination among housekeeping genes of the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia. Four housekeeping genes, gltA, dnaA, ftsZ, and groEL, were sequence...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj049
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We implement a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for estimating species divergence times that uses heterogeneous data from multiple gene loci and accommodates multiple fossil calibration nodes. A birth-death process with species sampling is used to specify a prior for divergence times, which allows easy asse...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj024
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein-protein interaction networks have evolved mainly through connectivity rewiring and gene duplication. However, how protein function influences these processes and how a network grows in time have not been well studied. Using protein-protein interaction data and genomic data from the budding yeast, we first exam...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi249
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has recently been claimed that older genes tend to evolve more slowly than newer ones (Alba and Castresana 2005). By simulation of genes of equal age, we show that the inverse correlation between age and rate is an artifact caused by our inability to detect homology when evolutionary distances are large. Since evol...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj006
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molar content of guanine plus cytosine (G + C) and optimal growth temperature (OGT) are main factors characterizing the frequency distribution of amino acids in prokaryotes. Previous work, using multivariate exploratory methods, has emphasized ascertainment of biological factors underlying variability between genomes,...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msj023
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in humans in 182 housekeeping and 148 tissue-specific genes. SNPs were divided into rare and common polymorphisms based on their frequencies. We found that housekeeping genes tend to be less polymorphic than tissue-specific genes for both rare and common SNPs. Usi...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi240
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heme biosynthesis represents one of the most essential metabolic pathways in living organisms, providing the precursors for cytochrome prosthetic groups, photosynthetic pigments, and vitamin B(12). Using genomic data, we have compared the heme pathway in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and the red alga Cyanidiosch...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi230
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterotachy occurs when the relative evolutionary rates among sites are not the same across lineages. Sequence alignments are likely to exhibit heterotachy with varying severity because the intensity of purifying selection and adaptive forces at a given amino acid or DNA sequence position is unlikely to be the same in...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi212
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Partial and complete genome duplications occurred during evolution and resulted in the creation of new genes and gene families. We identified a novel and intricate human gene family located primarily in regions of segmental duplications on human chromosome 1. We named it NBPF, for neuroblastoma breakpoint family, beca...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi222
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) recently emerged in domestic pigs of Western Europe and North America. Although time of emergence was identical on the two continents, genetic composition was markedly different with a clear geographical subtype structure, indicating that subtypes diverged in...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi208
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that genes that are expressed predominantly or exclusively in males tend to evolve rapidly in comparison to other genes. In most cases, however, it is unknown whether this rapid evolution is the result of increased positive (or sexual) selection on male-expressed traits or if it is due to a...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi189
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Duplication, resulting in gene redundancy, is well known to be a driving force of evolutionary change. Gene families are therefore useful targets for approaching genome evolution. To address the gene death process, we examined the fate of the 10-member-large S288C DUP240 family in 15 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi170
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a stochastic birth-and-death model of evolution of horizontally transferred genes in microbial populations. The model is a generalization of the stochastic model described by Berg and Kurland and includes five parameters: the rate of mutational inactivation, selection coefficient, invasion rate (i.e., rate...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi167
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::4.5SH RNA is a 94-nt small RNA with unknown function. This RNA is known to be present in the mouse, rat, and hamster cells; however, it is not found in human, rabbit, and chicken. In the mouse genome, the 4.5SH RNA gene is a part of a long (4.2 kb) tandem repeat ( approximately 800 copies) unit. Here, we found that 4....
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi140
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins (PGIPs) protect plants against invasion by diverse microbial and invertebrate enemies that use polygalacturonase (PG) to breach the plant cell wall. Directed mutagenesis has identified specific natural mutations conferring novel defensive capability in green bean PGIP against a spe...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi146
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pax genes play key regulatory roles in embryonic and sensory organ development in metazoans but their evolution and ancestral functions remain widely unresolved. We have isolated a Pax gene from Placozoa, beside Porifera the only metazoan phylum that completely lacks nerve and sensory cells or organs. These simplest k...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi150
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::While it is widely accepted that most animals (Metazoa) do not have endogenous cellulases, relying instead on intestinal symbionts for cellulose digestion, the glycosyl hydrolase family 9 (GHF9) cellulases found in the genomes of termites, abalone, and sea squirts could be an exception. Using information from expresse...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi107
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::About half of the mammalian genome is composed of retroposons. Long interspersed elements (LINEs) and short interspersed elements (SINEs) are the most abundant repetitive elements and account for about 21% and 13% of the human genome, respectively. SINEs have been detected in all major mammalian lineages, except for t...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi071
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hybridization between different species plays an important role in plant genome evolution, as well as is a widely used approach for crop improvement. McClintock has predicted that plant wide hybridization constitutes a "genomic shock" whereby cryptic transposable elements may be activated. However, direct experimental...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi082
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the grass family (Poaceae) exhibit a broad range of inflorescence structures and other morphologies, making the grasses an interesting model system for studying the evolution of development. Here we present an analysis of the molecular evolution of FLORICAULA/LEAFY-like genes, which are important developmen...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi095
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::With growing amounts of genome data and constant improvement of models of molecular evolution, phylogenetic reconstruction became more reliable. However, our knowledge of the real process of molecular evolution is still limited. When enough large-sized data sets are analyzed, any subtle biases in statistical models ca...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi051
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Standard methods of phylogenetic reconstruction are based on models that assume homogeneity of nucleotide composition among taxa. However, this assumption is often violated in biological data sets. In this study, we examine possible effects of nucleotide heterogeneity among lineages on the phylogenetic reconstruction ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi036
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fossil record has long supported the view that most animal phyla originated during a brief period approximately 520 MYA known as the Cambrian explosion. However, molecular data analyses over the past 3 decades have found deeper divergences among animals (approximately 800 to 1,200 MYA), with and without the assump...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi039
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To explain why informational genes (i.e., those involved in transcription, translation, and related processes) are less likely than housekeeping genes to be horizontally transferred, Jain and coworkers proposed the complexity hypothesis. The underlying idea is that informational genes belong to large, complex systems ...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi006
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interspecific hybridization is one of the major factors leading to phylogenetic incongruence among loci, but the knowledge is still limited about the potential of each locus to introgress between species. By directly sequencing three DNA regions: chloroplast DNAs (matK gene and trnL-F noncoding region), the nuclear ri...
journal_title:Molecular biology and evolution
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/molbev/msi016
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00